What Is 22lr - This article examines the differences between two similar, but very different, .22 caliber rimfire rounds: the .22LR vs. .22WMR.
Most likely, your first shots were chambered in .22 Long Rifle or .22LR. I am one of those people. I took my first shots with a Marlin 60 at my uncle's farm. I soon joined my cousins as we roamed the pastures, looking for targets (and by that I mean gophers).
What Is 22lr
.22 LR ammo is cheap to shoot and easy to control in all but one pistol. Still, it's strong enough to bounce around a can or let loose where there's a squirrel. While you may be familiar with the .22LR, you may not know that it has a bigger brother: the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire, also called the .22WMR or 22 Magnum. Both rounds are rimfire cartridges, very different from centerfire cartridges like the 9mm or .223.
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First, a quick review of the components that make up a round of ammunition. A round of ammunition has four parts: the bullet that flies down; dust that leaves; the case that holds the other three parts; and the printer, that is, the ignition process begins.
Primer placement is what separates a center fire cartridge from a center fire cartridge. A center fire cartridge holds the printer in a cup in the center of the cartridge. In an overfire cartridge, the edge of the cartridge holds the printer.
Although they are .22LR and .22WMR cartridges, they are not compatible with each other. With few exceptions, guns chambered in .22LR will not fire .22WMR, and vice versa. Let's take a look at what makes each cartridge unique.
The .22LR has its origins in the oldest metal pistol cartridge in existence: the .22 Short cartridge, first introduced in 1857. The power of the .22 Short was a bit...short. So the cartridge was lengthened to create the .22 Long ammunition. In the late 1880s, the Union Metallic Cartridge Company outgrew the long .22 with 40-grain bullets, creating an even longer round. The .22 Long Rifle was born.
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Since then, the .22LR has become one of America's most popular types of ammunition, and for good reason. It's accurate enough for serious competition, and it's also cheap enough for everyday practice. It's also a decent defensive shift. .22LR may not have the punch of a 9mm pistol or the stopping power of a larger rifle round. However, the medulla oblongata and the left ventricle don't really care if they are hit by a 40 grain .22 bullet or a 230 grain .45 round. They will stop working. In fact, the .22LR is the closest thing to a "do it all" cartridge. So why choose the .22WMR?
The .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire was created in the 1950s to address some of the problems of the .22LR. It is longer than the .22LR and packs more punch. The .22WMR was first created by (you guessed it) the Winchester ammunition company to increase the velocity of the .22 rimfire cartridge and provide more advanced and aerodynamically efficient bullet shapes.
While the .22LR inherited the legacy of a pistol cartridge, the .22WMR was first designed for use in a rifle and adapted for use in pistols in the early 1960s. There are several revolvers chambered in .22WMR (more on that in a bit) as well as the Kel-Tec PMR-30 semi-automatic pistol.
The .22LR and .22WMR ammunition are cartridges that fire bullets weighing about 40 grains. That's where the similarities end. As mentioned earlier, most guns chambered in one caliber will not function in the other. However, Ruger makes a single-action shooter revolver, the Convertible Single Six, with interchangeable cylinders, one in .22LR and one in .22WMR.
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You might be tempted to shoot .22LR in a gun chambered in .22WMR. After all, the shorter length and lighter power of the .22LR versus the .22WMR means that, technically, the .22WMR will fit in a pistol. Resist that temptation. It is true that a .22LR round will be chambered in a gun that fires the .22WMR. However, the .22LR fits easily in the chamber. The .22LR cartridge is narrower than the .22WMR. This means it will fit into the chamber, but if you try to fire a .22LR round from a gun that uses the .22WMR, the case will expand inside the chamber when fired to the point where it can be dangerous.
Years ago, something similar happened next to me in a training class. The student to my left picked up loose ammo off the floor and loaded it into his 1911. Unfortunately, the round he got was a .40 S&W and his pistol was chambered (in the past) in .45ACP. When he pulled the trigger there was a strange noise and I was showered with bits of brass as the cartridge exploded inside the chamber and then ejected out the ejection port as the gun attempted to cycle. His .45 ACP 1911 .40 S&W round destroyed his gun. The bottom line is this: .22LR is not the same as .22WMR. Let's go through these differences in more detail.
For the first test, we chronographed the velocity of two different .22LR and .22WMR rounds to compare their muzzle energies. In the second, we shot five hollow point bullets of two calibers into the ballistic gel to test their effect on tissue. We used a Kel-Tec PMR-30 with a 4.3-inch barrel to test the .22 WMR ammunition. We used a Smith & Wesson Victory with a 5.5-inch barrel to test the .22LR ammunition.
To test the velocity of each round, we set up a Shooting Chrony Pro ten meters from the muzzle and timed each of our test rounds.
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CCI Max Mag 40 grain .22WMR TMJ Max Velocity: 1302 Min Velocity: 1193 Average Velocity: 1287 Average Muzzle Energy: 140 ft/lbs
To test the penetration of the .22LR against the .22WMR, we set up a block of 10% Clear Ballistics gel 10 yards from the firing line. We placed four layers of heavy fabric in front of the chamber and fired five rounds of each subsequent round into the chamber.
The .22WMR rounds penetrated significantly more than the .22LR. The polymer tip in the hollow point of the V-Max bullet did not cause the rounds to expand measurably. The pointless .22LR rounds, however, expanded and dispersed within the chamber.
The .22WMR is much more powerful than the .22LR. In some rounds it has nearly twice the extreme energy of the .22LR, which gives it more punch when it hits the target. When a round from the .22WMR hits the target, it can penetrate almost three times more than the .22LR.
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The .22LR is a great round that is still going strong today, more than 125 years after it first came out. Inexpensive and easy to shoot, it is a popular cartridge for plinking, target practice and varmint hunting. It will remain popular for decades to come.
The .22WMR, on the other hand, costs more per round than the .22LR, but packs more of a punch. The higher velocity and deeper penetration of the .22WMR puts it on the verge of being a viable self-defense round. The options for guns firing the .22WMR, however, are much more limited than the options for guns firing the .22LR. This combination of higher firing costs and fewer firearms options makes the .22WMR a niche cartridge, but that niche is growing every day as people see the benefits of a defensive cartridge like the .22WMR.
Before joining the team, Kevin Creighton led marketing for several companies in the firearms world. Kevin has been a gun writer since 2006, writing articles about the new reality of gun ownership in the United States for publications such as American Hunter, Shooting Illustrated, BearingArms.com, Beretta.com and Downrange TV. He is an active USPSA, IDPA and 3 Gun competitor and is an NRA approved firearms instructor. Kevin has hundreds of training hours from Bob Vogel, Craig Douglas, Rob Leatham, Massad Ayoob and others. Everyone knows that .22 LR is inherently unreliable... right? Feeding and ignition problems can be more common with the .22 than with centerfire ammunition, but there are a few ways to avoid many of these problems. In Part 5 of our ongoing Pocket Pistol Series, we talk about how to keep your .22 running. Details in the video below or scroll down to read the full transcript.
There are very good reasons why the .22 LR is the most popular caliber in the world (and has been for a very long time). The ammo is cheap, the guns tend to be cheap too, it has very low recoil and it's a lot of fun to shoot. But relying on a .22 for personal protection is a controversial practice because of its impressive ballistic terminal.
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